Water Pressure: Has replaced Cutting Blades

Water has got tremendous pressure, and this phenomenon has got a wide range of applications. The pressure of water is applied in cutting, a new technology called "Water Jet Cutting". When water under high pressure is made to escape through a hole of minute diameter, it develops a force which can be used to cut even hard materials. The advantage is that water Jet cutting can replace the use of sharp blades consisting of expensive metals.

Robonaut: An alternative for Astronaut

NASA has developed a humanoid robot to help the astronauts work better and explore in space. Its called Robonaut built at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Robonauts are developed to explore in the areas which are dangerous for humans to work. There are four Robonaut designs, and others currently in development. Robonaut 2 or R2 is developed for the International Space Station on space shuttle Discovery as part of the STS-133 mission.

In a single word "Robonaut is a Humanoid version of Astronaut!!! :)"

SmartDog: Dog has got Smarter

SmartDog

Smartdog is a robotic pet developed by Japanese Toy manufacturer, Bandai. It is a simple 

design that is based on iPhone for its control. It uses an iPhone as its brain and a free app of 

iPhone serves its functioning. It does the actions based on the commands you give to your iPhone, 

and based on Face time camera. Its available from Apr 24 in two color variants: Black and White 

and costs 78$. The iPhone app is released on 31 Mar and can be used without robotic dog.

"Man has been making his own replica with robots and the trend spread to the pets too!!!!"

Diamond has a Successor:Strongest material on Earth

When any one is asked "Which is the toughest material on the Earth?", The most expected answer will be diamond. Yes it is, Diamond is the hardest material known to man. Its an allotrope of Carbon. 

Diamond

The tetrahedral structure of diamond and the strong sp3 bonds the carbons make, is the reason why diamond is so strong. Since all the vacant valencies are satisfied in the atom, diamond is highly stable. Diamond is preferred because of its high thermal conductivity and toughness. It is used in blades of drilling machines, since its hardness can cut any type of materials.

But with the advancement of Science and Technology, together with the increasing costs of diamonds the search for tough materials other than diamond started. In this course, with the introduction of new materials that were developed from the chemical father of diamond: carbon, i.e., new isotopes of carbons the search took a pause. These were the materials of the thickness of 1 nm. Hence they were called Nano materials. Graphene was the new material developed that was tougher than diamond to consider.

Graphene Sheet

Graphene is an isotope of Graphite Carbon. It is a honey Comb lattice structure consisting of sheets of Carbon atoms of just one atom thick. The Carbons of Graphite are bonded in sp2 manner. It was made by rubbing the Graphite planes with adhesive tape!

In addition to these nano materials another rarely occurring natural substance has overcome the toughness of Diamond: it was expected to be 58% harder than diamond!!!

It was wurtzite boron nitride and mineral lonsdaleite. These were the two minerals which had the properties much better than diamond. Lonsdaleite, also called Hexagonal Diamond has 58% more stress withstanding quality than diamond. 

Structure of Lonsdaleite

But the thing is that these minerals are so rear that there is no sufficient amount of them, even to test them. In such a case, its obvious to think that Diamond is the only, so what sufficiently available toughest mineral on earth.

Triangle:Strongest Geometric Structure

                                                        Have you ever thought "We have heard about many geometric figures like Squares, rectangles and many more.... but coming to their strength, which one is the strongest geometric structure?". The answer is simply triangle.

                                                                                             There's a reason behind my argument because triangle is the only figure that can resist stress on any direction without getting deformed. That is., when we push anywhere on a triangle, it either contracts or expands.... but doesn't bend from its shape.

                                                        
This property of triangle is used in the construction of a new type of architecture, called the Truss Bridge. This type of bridge structure uses triangles in its design so that it can resist any type of stress.

Electricity: Invention or Discovery???

                    When any one is asked about electricity, most general answers would be about the shock it gives. Really electricity is a very dangerous toy to play with. But when used with caution, can serve as the most powerful means of energy. Its obvious that today world can live without anything, but without electricity, its hard to imagine.

Electricity in action

                    Coming to know what is electricity, we can simply define that scientifically its flow of electrons or charge. Yes it is, that electricity is really an immense flow of charged particles in a particular direction, which is said to be the direction of the current. The movement of negative charges from the negative Cathode to the Positive Anode, constitutes the current.

                    When asked about the origin of electric Current, many answer that it was invented by Thomas Alva Edison, but actually its not at all an invention, its a discovery. Before Edison has found current, its evident from the nature that electricity do exist and researches have been carried on it. The lightnings that occur during the rainfall is a natural movement of natural current. 

Nikola Telsa

                    As early as 2750 BC that people used to know about the jolts that were given by Electric Fish, and were used in the treatment of patients of Headache and Gout. later in the 15th century that the Arabs identified the lightnings of the rain. Researches on Static Electricity were made in about 660 BC. The then people knew that when a rod of amber is rubbed on cat's fur, can attract small materials like feathers. The evolution of the research on electricity rose when Benjamin Franklin conducted experiments on electricity in 1752 and found from the rainy sky that lightning was electric in nature.....

                      From then, the study of electricity has become more interesting among people and the works of  many prominent scientists gave rise to the so things we are enjoying.

I conclude here, saying that the fruits of every aspect of science, we are enjoying is the lifetime struggle of many great people and its our gratitude to respect them.....

  

Why Salt melts Ice?

Add a pinch of salt on an ice cube, the cube melts. You can notice that the temperature of water goes even much lower. You may think that salt makes ice to melt, but the reason is different.. 

Because that salt doesn't add any coolness to water but actually converts ice to water, Salt breaks the tough bonds between the water molecules, there by ice melts and at the same time maintains the actual temperature of the ice which will be less than zero.

Hence salt on ice forms a water solution with temperature less than zero. This mixture is hence called ice mixture.

This technique is used in :

In cold countries like US,Russia etc, where winter is a lot trouble for vehicles due to snow on roads, salt is used for removal of ice. The salt is spread on water and the formed brine solution along with floating ice blocks are removed.

Cloud Computing: A Revolution

Intro:

In an organisation where a number of employees work on same platform, we need a system for each and so have to buy a licensed software for each new computer purchase. This in turn is very lossy to the administrator, since its a huge expenditure. A small thought raised in such situation, 

"Why to buy a cow, if we need milk?"....

This thought gave birth to a new era of computing architecture, a centralized architecture where a number of people utilize the same single software deployed in a server, with the help of an internet connection.

This new architecture is called "Cloud Computing"....

Into the Topic:

What is it??? 

                             Cloud Computing is a technology that uses Centralized servers and internet to make use of data which is shared among many users. The user need not install the software he is working, he can access the files and data using the internet connection.

One of the best examples of this technique is the internet mailing: we use G Mail or Yahoo mail to send or receive mails, but do we install them in our PC? we just access them through the network connection, the processing will be taking place at the server it self.

Cloud Computing: Its Working

How it Works???

                             Cloud Computing architecture involves two things in main: 

                                                  the Front End that consists of the user's side components like web browsers, or any other applications that are used for Cloud Computing. 

                                                  the Back End that involves the computers, Servers and other Storage that are used for processing the requests. this is the Cloud section of the system. 

                                                                                   the two components communicate through internet connection. the whole system is controlled by a centralized server that handles the transactions by multiple users smoothly. The Server uses a set of protocols to control its activities and uses a kind of instructions called middleware that controls the communication between the computers in the network.

Cloud computing also requires at least twice the amount of storage, in order to maintain a back up so that data wont be lost if the server crashes.

What are its benefits???
                            Cloud computing is one of the advantageous technologies that reduce the organizational problems regarding the data management and handling. The benefits offered are countless.

• Data can be accessed at any time, from anywhere since the communication is through internet, and also the data is independent of the storage since anyone can access it.

• Hardware costs will be reduced since the load on the client side is low, all the client need is an internet enabled computer with simple I/O devices and processing capacity enough to handle the middleware.

• Companies need not buy licensed software for each and every system, it can only pay for a single software which can be shared by several systems.

• The user can utilize maximum of the processing power, if the back end system is a grid system. This enables complex tasks that cannot be done by a single computer, can be done easily.

Does it has only Benefits???

                                             Every coin has both the sides, so as every thing in this world. Cloud Computing too suffers from two main issues that make the companies think about it. they are Security and Privacy.

                                             Security issue is that cloud computing system cannot be secure, since we are handling the data to another company that owns this system. Many companies feel that handling such precious data to another company for adopting this technology is a thought provoking one.

                                             Privacy issue is mainly concerned with the client side. Since Cloud computing is a portable thing, i.e., user can access data at anywhere, this implies that the external conditions of the user can damage the privacy of data.

My Word:

                               Keeping the issues aside, Cloud Computing is a really a good revolution in computer technology with wide range of benefits and applications. 

                               Even the present day smart phones' applications and internet mailing systems make use of this architecture.

                               Thus, Cloud computing has got its own reputation and importance as a Computer Technology and Data Management Architecture. 

Sources: HowStuffWorks.com and wikinvest.com

BTech CSE 3-1 Syllabus(R10)

 B Tech 3-1 CSE Syllabus R10

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