General Keyboard Shortcuts used in Windows XP

Its obvious that the most used peripheral device connected to the computer is mouse, after the Monitor: when talking about a basic user. Considering myself as an instance of a basic level user, I can't do anything without using a mouse. Even I've been using mouse more than keyboard in typing this post. But, moved by the question that: 'Why can't we use only keyboard in place of a mouse?' I've searched and found something interesting. Microsoft has designed some shortcuts for the functionality that can be done with a keyboard only. They have categorized them into several aspects, I've replicated some of them: the most general functions we do everyday, with a mouse. I've categorized them based on the key we use in the operation. I see some keys that are basically built for specific functionality. They are the 12 Function keys (F1-F12), Shift, Control (Ctrl), Alternate (Alt).

Control (Ctrl) Family:- 

The set of keys that come under this are, mainly file operations and some special functions. 

Ctrl+C : Copy

Ctrl+X : Delete selected item and save a copy to the clipboard

Ctrl+V           : Paste

Ctrl+Z           : Undo

Ctrl while : dragging an item (Copy the selected item)

Ctrl+Shift : while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)

Ctrl+Right Arrow  : Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word

Ctrl+Left Arrow    : Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word

Ctrl+Down Arrow  : Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph 

Ctrl+Up Arrow : Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph

Ctrl+F4 : Close the active document in programs that enable multiple documents to be open at the same time

Ctrl+Shift with any arrow key : Highlight a block of text

Ctrl+A : Select all

Ctrl+Shift+Esc : Open Task Manager

Ctrl+Esc : Display the Start menu

Alternate (Alt) Family:-

The main function of the Alt key is to swap between processes, tasks etc., the keys in this are:

Alt+Enter         : View the properties for the selected item

Alt+F4         : Close the active item, or exit the active program 

Alt+Enter         : Display the properties of the selected object 

Alt+ Space-bar  : Open the shortcut menu for the active window

Alt+Tab                 : Switch between the open items

Alt+Esc                 : Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened

Alt+ Space-bar  : Display the System menu for the active window

Alt+Underlined letter in a menu name : Display the corresponding menu

Shift Family:-

Shift as the name indicates, shifts the control from one process or task to another, the keys in this:

Shift+F10 : Display the shortcut menu for the selected item

Shift+Delete : Delete the selected item permanently without moving the item to the Recycle Bin

Shift with any arrow key : Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document

Shift when you insert a CD into the CD drive : Prevent the CD from automatically playing

Function Keys:-

There are 12 function keys exactly placed at the top of the keyboard, right in the first row:

F2 key : Rename the selected item

F3 key : Search for a file or a folder

F4 key : Display the Address bar list in My Computer or in Windows Explorer

F5 key : Update the active window (Refresh)

F6 key : Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop

F10 key : Activate the menu bar in the active program

Other Key Commands:-

There are other combinations, that provide several specific functionality. they are:

Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu : Perform the corresponding command

Right Arrow : Open the next menu to the right, or open a sub menu

Left Arrow   : Open the next menu to the left, or close a sub menu

Backspace : View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer

Esc : Cancel the current task

Delete   : Delete

BSNL Recruitment Notification for DGMs

Good news for BE/B Tech pass outs, BSNL announces recruitment for 106 posts of DGMs technical and 56 DGMs in finance. The particulars are as follows :-

BE/B Tech pass outs, with minimum percentage of 60% in the branches of ECE, EEE, IT, CS  The DGM  finance will be for CA/ICWA/CS. The pay scale will be between 32,000-58,000 with all the additional allowances like DA, TA, HRA etc. The last date of application is 7.11.2012 and the examination is through online on 30.01.2013 in four cities Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai. 

further details can be seen here:

                               view pdf

Children's Day: A Wake up Call

We Celebrate this day, as a token of  appreciation for children. Though the dates change with the places, all the nations pledge for a better future for their children. A child has no selfishness, jealous or any other like the people are. Children are pure as water and sweet and are noble in their thoughts and feelings.

"when I used to get to my brother at his 5,I used to make him cry for no reason being myself angry for nothing. But as soon as i'm upset he used to console me, tried to make laugh and finally when my anger's gone he used to feel happy."- says a friend of mine, remembering the cute things of his brother who's 15 now.

I'm telling this all to convey only one message- Children are the direct descendants of God, they are so Noble that they try to make us happy, for us its worth nothing-but for them, its their own way of happiness.

India celebrates its Children's Day on 14th of November every year, as a remembrance of our first Prime Minister and a National Freedom Leader Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. He was himself fond of this childish charisma, that he used to be called as "Chacha" (Uncle) to denote him, as a lovable person of children. He use to feel that Children are the bright future of India.

Children play with joy on this day in schools, with many cultural programs and activities for them and played by them. This day is truly a day for them, for the noble and kind heart they have and the love they shower on us.

But, the fact is that children are loosing their beautiful childhood. no one is nowadays happy, everyone's feeling this burden by the education methods and the blind marks we shun them for. but this is all in people of better economic classes. but what about the poor and the poorest among them? children are being forced to work and refrain from studies. they're not only loosing their childhood. they're loosing their future. Nehru's dream is not child labour and encouraging India. He dreamt fo a nation with children being free to study and choose their future.

Let this Children's Day be the initiative for a better Society for Children- 

For A Better Nation

Re Scheduled Dates for Postponed Exams

Here are the revised dates for 

JNTU Kakinada Semester examinations...

Course & Year	Date of Examinations already announced	Revised date of Exam after postponement
B.Tech IV year I Sem	05-11-2012 (Monday)	27-11-2012 (Tuesday)
B.Tech III year I Sem	06-11-2012 (Tuesday)	29-11-2012 (Thursday)
B.Pharm IV year I Sem	05-11-2012 (Monday)	17-11-2012 (Saturday)
B.Pharm III year I Sem	06-11-2012 (Tuesday)	19-11-2012 (Monday)
MCA - V Semester	05-11-2012 (Monday)	12-11-2012 (Monday)
M.Tech II Semester	05-11-2012 (Monday)	17-11-2012 (Saturday)

Official Notice is Here...  Link

JNTU Kakinada Semester Exam Postponed???

 The university examinations of JNTU Kakinada, scheduled on 5th and 6th Nov are postponed: a intimation of the above has been displayed in their official site. It read-

All Examinations pertaining to JNTU Kakinada scheduled on 5th November and 6th November are postponed in view of representations from Principals and Students of Affiliated Colleges due to severe cyclonic conditions. The revised dates will be intimated later- Registrar JNTUK


The Students are hence informed that : "There's 4 more days added yar! Phikar math kar :) :) :) :)"

Gravitational Waves : An illusion or Reality???

Before getting into the topic, let us re some things about a wave:

• A wave is a disturbance created in a medium.

• It can be like a ripples as in a water pond, or like other forms like Compressions and rarefactions like in a sound.

• A wave can also be produced as a product of a collisions, or a carrier of energy: as in heat waves.

keeping in mind the above things, we revert back to our topic. basically, waves are generated when a body is moving in a medium, it can be referred as an outcome of the things that happen between the surface of the body and the particles of the medium.

Hence, Gravitational waves are formed by the motion of the stellar bodies like stars, black holes and others. They can also be the outcome of the interaction between two stellar bodies!!!
These are similar to the ripples in a water body, and can be powerful and reproducing, depending on the massive bodies and the strength of collision.

Albert Einstein in 1916, theoretically proved the existence of Gravitational waves in his Theory of Relativity. He said that these transport energy in the form of gravitational radiation. However, there is no practical proof for its existence. Though there is no physical proof, there are still probes on this phenomenon. The latest research on the existence of Gravitational Waves was put forth by NASA, was the use of Atom Optics:

The latest technique, Atomic Interferometry is trying to re-write the canon. In conjunction with researchers at Stanford University, scientists at NASA Goddard are developing a system to measure the faint gravitational vibrations generated by movement of massive objects in the universe.  

The succes of this research can result in the exploration of the space-time, the origin of universe and lots more.

Link: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?11093

Is earth a Gravitational Body or a Magnetic???

If you don't abuse me of raising such questions, to make our studies some what interesting, we need such small questions.
let me explain a small one...

There are two mind blowing theories that revolve round our planet other than the moon and the satellites: they are the Garvitational Theory and the Magnetic Theory. Though the ways are different the destination is same: in the same creativity i'll say that though these both are and teach different, they both aim at our very sweet home planet: the Earth.

 Gravitational Theory states that earth has a special tendency or what I exclaim a love towards its inhabitant and visiting bodies that it attracts them towards its center. That's what we all have understood that its a new Foece called Gravitational Force and we have gained a brilliance that when we throw an object high it never touches the sky: falls back.

Another One is the Magnetic Theory that exclaims the Earth as a huge magnet: strong enough to pull everything that is a metal body towards itself. It has its two magnetic poles and we understood briliantly is we all are standing on a giant magnet and we ourselfs play with magnets :) 

But my question is if an iron ball is thrown up what makes it come down? the Earths Gravity or the Earths Magnetism???

While thinking about this question, I'm left with nothing but Head ache ;) but the thought gave me plenty of interest.

How Rainbows Occur???

Have you ever observed that rainbow occurs only after rain, by thinking so you may feel obviously that rainbow is related to a chemistry between sun and rain, its a correct guess.

yes rainbow occurs only after the sun rays pierce through the rain water droplets and form a pattern of 7 colors we generally exclaim as Rainbow Colors, or physics teacher teaches them as VIBGYOR. But even after learning this all in my lower classes, I used to feel something strange: If Rainbow is all a reflection of light through a water droplet. then why can't I create my own? well if I throw a beam of light on a stream of water vertically flowing down from a tap or some other source, cant I get my own Rainbow??? No we can't. but why?

Well Science clarifies that reflection or Refraction: whatever the thing takes place there actually, depends on the angle at which the light is approaching or commonly striking the target water drop. Its at an angle of 42 degrees that when a beam of light hits a water droplet, the droplet acts as a minute prism that tears the ray into seven different colors that form a band of thread like pattern: we enjoy exclaiming "We have seen a Rainbow!".

Hence, if want to have a small portable rainbow of your own: simply use a protractor and hit the water with accurate angle :) :)

Intel's Unique Style

World's Processor giant, Intel has a unique style in its wide ranged high performance products and efficient processors. It also has a unique style in the naming of its products, do you know that?

Willamette 

Northwood 

Prescott 

Cedar Mill 

Gallatin 

Smithfield 

Presler 

Covington 

Mendocino 

Coppermine 

Tualatin 

Banias 

Dothan 

Yonah 

Do you know what are all these??? these are names of cities. These are also the names of the products of Intel.  Intel names its processors and motherboards from cities and rivers of USA...  

Funny isn't it??? its also smart as their products!

JNTU Kakinada Postponed mid exams rescheduled???

Its known that that the 1st mid examinations of JNTU Kakinada were postponed on 18/08/2012 and 23/08/2012.

the rescheduled dates of those examinations have been released today, a circular from the respective university's site says.

According to it the scheduled exam on 18th has to be conducted on 25th and that on 23rd to 27th....

The link of circular is as follows.... Link:

JNTU Kakinada Mid Exam again postponed???

It has become usual to see a number of exam postpones this 

month. Once again comes te notice that tomorrow's scheduled 

exam has been postponed again!

There was a news about this in the official website. It read-

All Examinations of JNTU Kakinada scheduled on 23-08-2012 are postponed on Administrative grounds. The revised date of conduct of the examinations will be intimated later.

As a result the online exams will be cancelled. The theory exam 

will be decided at the respective colleges.

JNTU Kakinada Exam Postponed

All the examinations of JNTU Kakinada are postponed, as a news scroll was kept on the website of the university...

It read-

JNTUK - 

All Examinations of JNTU Kakinada scheduled on 18-08-2012 are postponed. 
The revised date of conduct of the examinations will be intimated later.

But the new date hasn't been announced yet...

With today's announcement 

two of the JNTU Kakinada's exams are postponed till now...

that on 18th and on 21st....

More updates will be posted soon....

Water Pressure: Has replaced Cutting Blades

Water has got tremendous pressure, and this phenomenon has got a wide range of applications. The pressure of water is applied in cutting, a new technology called "Water Jet Cutting". When water under high pressure is made to escape through a hole of minute diameter, it develops a force which can be used to cut even hard materials. The advantage is that water Jet cutting can replace the use of sharp blades consisting of expensive metals.

Robonaut: An alternative for Astronaut

NASA has developed a humanoid robot to help the astronauts work better and explore in space. Its called Robonaut built at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Robonauts are developed to explore in the areas which are dangerous for humans to work. There are four Robonaut designs, and others currently in development. Robonaut 2 or R2 is developed for the International Space Station on space shuttle Discovery as part of the STS-133 mission.

In a single word "Robonaut is a Humanoid version of Astronaut!!! :)"

SmartDog: Dog has got Smarter

SmartDog

Smartdog is a robotic pet developed by Japanese Toy manufacturer, Bandai. It is a simple 

design that is based on iPhone for its control. It uses an iPhone as its brain and a free app of 

iPhone serves its functioning. It does the actions based on the commands you give to your iPhone, 

and based on Face time camera. Its available from Apr 24 in two color variants: Black and White 

and costs 78$. The iPhone app is released on 31 Mar and can be used without robotic dog.

"Man has been making his own replica with robots and the trend spread to the pets too!!!!"

Diamond has a Successor:Strongest material on Earth

When any one is asked "Which is the toughest material on the Earth?", The most expected answer will be diamond. Yes it is, Diamond is the hardest material known to man. Its an allotrope of Carbon. 

Diamond

The tetrahedral structure of diamond and the strong sp3 bonds the carbons make, is the reason why diamond is so strong. Since all the vacant valencies are satisfied in the atom, diamond is highly stable. Diamond is preferred because of its high thermal conductivity and toughness. It is used in blades of drilling machines, since its hardness can cut any type of materials.

But with the advancement of Science and Technology, together with the increasing costs of diamonds the search for tough materials other than diamond started. In this course, with the introduction of new materials that were developed from the chemical father of diamond: carbon, i.e., new isotopes of carbons the search took a pause. These were the materials of the thickness of 1 nm. Hence they were called Nano materials. Graphene was the new material developed that was tougher than diamond to consider.

Graphene Sheet

Graphene is an isotope of Graphite Carbon. It is a honey Comb lattice structure consisting of sheets of Carbon atoms of just one atom thick. The Carbons of Graphite are bonded in sp2 manner. It was made by rubbing the Graphite planes with adhesive tape!

In addition to these nano materials another rarely occurring natural substance has overcome the toughness of Diamond: it was expected to be 58% harder than diamond!!!

It was wurtzite boron nitride and mineral lonsdaleite. These were the two minerals which had the properties much better than diamond. Lonsdaleite, also called Hexagonal Diamond has 58% more stress withstanding quality than diamond. 

Structure of Lonsdaleite

But the thing is that these minerals are so rear that there is no sufficient amount of them, even to test them. In such a case, its obvious to think that Diamond is the only, so what sufficiently available toughest mineral on earth.

Triangle:Strongest Geometric Structure

                                                        Have you ever thought "We have heard about many geometric figures like Squares, rectangles and many more.... but coming to their strength, which one is the strongest geometric structure?". The answer is simply triangle.

                                                                                             There's a reason behind my argument because triangle is the only figure that can resist stress on any direction without getting deformed. That is., when we push anywhere on a triangle, it either contracts or expands.... but doesn't bend from its shape.

                                                        
This property of triangle is used in the construction of a new type of architecture, called the Truss Bridge. This type of bridge structure uses triangles in its design so that it can resist any type of stress.

Electricity: Invention or Discovery???

                    When any one is asked about electricity, most general answers would be about the shock it gives. Really electricity is a very dangerous toy to play with. But when used with caution, can serve as the most powerful means of energy. Its obvious that today world can live without anything, but without electricity, its hard to imagine.

Electricity in action

                    Coming to know what is electricity, we can simply define that scientifically its flow of electrons or charge. Yes it is, that electricity is really an immense flow of charged particles in a particular direction, which is said to be the direction of the current. The movement of negative charges from the negative Cathode to the Positive Anode, constitutes the current.

                    When asked about the origin of electric Current, many answer that it was invented by Thomas Alva Edison, but actually its not at all an invention, its a discovery. Before Edison has found current, its evident from the nature that electricity do exist and researches have been carried on it. The lightnings that occur during the rainfall is a natural movement of natural current. 

Nikola Telsa

                    As early as 2750 BC that people used to know about the jolts that were given by Electric Fish, and were used in the treatment of patients of Headache and Gout. later in the 15th century that the Arabs identified the lightnings of the rain. Researches on Static Electricity were made in about 660 BC. The then people knew that when a rod of amber is rubbed on cat's fur, can attract small materials like feathers. The evolution of the research on electricity rose when Benjamin Franklin conducted experiments on electricity in 1752 and found from the rainy sky that lightning was electric in nature.....

                      From then, the study of electricity has become more interesting among people and the works of  many prominent scientists gave rise to the so things we are enjoying.

I conclude here, saying that the fruits of every aspect of science, we are enjoying is the lifetime struggle of many great people and its our gratitude to respect them.....

  

Why Salt melts Ice?

Add a pinch of salt on an ice cube, the cube melts. You can notice that the temperature of water goes even much lower. You may think that salt makes ice to melt, but the reason is different.. 

Because that salt doesn't add any coolness to water but actually converts ice to water, Salt breaks the tough bonds between the water molecules, there by ice melts and at the same time maintains the actual temperature of the ice which will be less than zero.

Hence salt on ice forms a water solution with temperature less than zero. This mixture is hence called ice mixture.

This technique is used in :

In cold countries like US,Russia etc, where winter is a lot trouble for vehicles due to snow on roads, salt is used for removal of ice. The salt is spread on water and the formed brine solution along with floating ice blocks are removed.

Cloud Computing: A Revolution

Intro:

In an organisation where a number of employees work on same platform, we need a system for each and so have to buy a licensed software for each new computer purchase. This in turn is very lossy to the administrator, since its a huge expenditure. A small thought raised in such situation, 

"Why to buy a cow, if we need milk?"....

This thought gave birth to a new era of computing architecture, a centralized architecture where a number of people utilize the same single software deployed in a server, with the help of an internet connection.

This new architecture is called "Cloud Computing"....

Into the Topic:

What is it??? 

                             Cloud Computing is a technology that uses Centralized servers and internet to make use of data which is shared among many users. The user need not install the software he is working, he can access the files and data using the internet connection.

One of the best examples of this technique is the internet mailing: we use G Mail or Yahoo mail to send or receive mails, but do we install them in our PC? we just access them through the network connection, the processing will be taking place at the server it self.

Cloud Computing: Its Working

How it Works???

                             Cloud Computing architecture involves two things in main: 

                                                  the Front End that consists of the user's side components like web browsers, or any other applications that are used for Cloud Computing. 

                                                  the Back End that involves the computers, Servers and other Storage that are used for processing the requests. this is the Cloud section of the system. 

                                                                                   the two components communicate through internet connection. the whole system is controlled by a centralized server that handles the transactions by multiple users smoothly. The Server uses a set of protocols to control its activities and uses a kind of instructions called middleware that controls the communication between the computers in the network.

Cloud computing also requires at least twice the amount of storage, in order to maintain a back up so that data wont be lost if the server crashes.

What are its benefits???
                            Cloud computing is one of the advantageous technologies that reduce the organizational problems regarding the data management and handling. The benefits offered are countless.

• Data can be accessed at any time, from anywhere since the communication is through internet, and also the data is independent of the storage since anyone can access it.

• Hardware costs will be reduced since the load on the client side is low, all the client need is an internet enabled computer with simple I/O devices and processing capacity enough to handle the middleware.

• Companies need not buy licensed software for each and every system, it can only pay for a single software which can be shared by several systems.

• The user can utilize maximum of the processing power, if the back end system is a grid system. This enables complex tasks that cannot be done by a single computer, can be done easily.

Does it has only Benefits???

                                             Every coin has both the sides, so as every thing in this world. Cloud Computing too suffers from two main issues that make the companies think about it. they are Security and Privacy.

                                             Security issue is that cloud computing system cannot be secure, since we are handling the data to another company that owns this system. Many companies feel that handling such precious data to another company for adopting this technology is a thought provoking one.

                                             Privacy issue is mainly concerned with the client side. Since Cloud computing is a portable thing, i.e., user can access data at anywhere, this implies that the external conditions of the user can damage the privacy of data.

My Word:

                               Keeping the issues aside, Cloud Computing is a really a good revolution in computer technology with wide range of benefits and applications. 

                               Even the present day smart phones' applications and internet mailing systems make use of this architecture.

                               Thus, Cloud computing has got its own reputation and importance as a Computer Technology and Data Management Architecture. 

Sources: HowStuffWorks.com and wikinvest.com

BTech CSE 3-1 Syllabus(R10)

 B Tech 3-1 CSE Syllabus R10

Download Here: Word Document